{"id":110995,"date":"2024-03-27T07:00:11","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T22:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/watv.org\/bible_word\/protein-material-life\/"},"modified":"2024-03-21T16:53:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T07:53:01","slug":"protein-material-life","status":"publish","type":"bible_word","link":"https:\/\/watv.org\/vi\/bible_word\/protein-material-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Protein (ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m), nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f2 m\u1eabm t\u1eaft chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c \u1ed3n \u00e0o, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm. \u0110\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i chai l\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ed3i s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 t\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y t\u00f3c. \u0102n xong b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thay qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, mang theo t\u00fai x\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

<\/picture><\/figure>\n

D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i l\u00e0m th\u00f4i, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, chai l\u1ecd \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i s\u1eefa t\u1eafm, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y t\u00f3c, ch\u00e9n b\u00e1t, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, v\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00fai x\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p1<\/sup> nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a (ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p), s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, cao su t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v.v… Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

1. Polymer: Ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00ean 10.000 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 100 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m monomer x\u1ebfp li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i polymer d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb protein<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c polymer thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 protein. Khi xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 bao quanh c\u01a1 quan \u1ea5y, da, t\u00f3c, m\u00f3ng, v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1eddi khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng sau khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 protein.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

2. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh sau khi n\u1ec1n x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 protein collagen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 canxi phosphate \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.\n<\/p>\n

\n\n<\/picture>
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1<\/strong>
\nProtein g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c axit amin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng ba chi\u1ec1u.
\nTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, b\u1ed1n chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c monomer c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, protein l\u00e0 c\u00e1c polymer thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c monomer g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 axit amin c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi carbon, hydro, oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. C\u00e1c axit amin ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u201cli\u00ean k\u1ebft peptide\u201d th\u00e0nh hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh protein. Insulin – ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit amin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 51 lo\u1ea1i axit amin.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, protein kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1n cong t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit amin, th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng tr\u00f2n, t\u1ea5m, s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n, v.v… Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i protein c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 trong m\u00e1u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n chu\u1ed7i polypeptide; m\u1ed7i chu\u1ed7i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t robot bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a protein nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. L\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng gi\u00e0u protein ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong su\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng khi khu\u1ea5y l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a protein b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao th\u1ecbt chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Protein v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 20 lo\u1ea1i axit amin l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra protein. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20 lo\u1ea1i axit amin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c monomer c\u1ee7a protein n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10 trong s\u1ed1 20 axit amin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra t\u1edbi 2010<\/sup> t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p. Protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n axit amin n\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm n\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i protein \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\n<\/picture>
Insulin bao g\u1ed3m 51 axit amin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta, th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c axit amin t\u1ea1o n\u00ean protein. C\u00e1c axit amin do m\u00e3 DNA ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p di\u1ec5n ra trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, do tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit amin lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i lu\u00f4n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c axit amin t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, protein t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chaperone, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh protein t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000 lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30.000 gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a protein, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gen ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t protein kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Protein, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c protein c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c protein c\u00f3 c\u0169ng mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. L\u1edbp s\u1eebng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t da, t\u00f3c, m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c protein keratin c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 collagen, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t d\u1ebbo dai, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c protein.<\/p>\n

Protein kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c protein enzyme gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Trong n\u00e3o – n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u protein \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a protein c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, protein li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi DNA \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cao su. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1eed cung – m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Khi thai nhi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, t\u1eed cung s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 500 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi em b\u00e9 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m hay tim \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb protein elastin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 d\u00f9 tim \u0111\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DOPA, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0 v\u00e0 trai, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra t\u1eeb protein n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh ngay c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i keo protein sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n Nam C\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c protein ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Protein ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1o kho\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n. Protein t\u01a1 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y; n\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1cm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. Protein t\u01a1 nh\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f9 nh\u1ea3y, d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, d\u00e2y c\u00e1p treo c\u1ea7u treo v.v…<\/p>\n

<\/picture><\/figure>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn protein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e0u protein nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt, \u0111\u1eadu, tr\u1ee9ng v.v… Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a protein l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polymer thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb khi sinh ra, tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn khi ch\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i monomer c\u1ee7a protein \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i monomer c\u1ee7a polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a protein v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 proteinProteomics<\/sup> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u00ean trong sinh v\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m H\u1ec7 gen h\u1ecdcGenomics<\/sup>, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh khoa h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb gen ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gen. C\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i protein ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00ecm m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"M\u00f2 m\u1eabm t\u1eaft chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c \u1ed3n \u00e0o, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm. \u0110\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i chai l\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ed3i s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 t\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y t\u00f3c. \u0102n xong b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thay qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, mang theo t\u00fai x\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n…","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":104165,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[227,168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110995","bible_word","type-bible_word","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bible-science-vi","category-bible-word-vi"],"yoast_head":"\nProtein (ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m), nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng - 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