{"id":50573,"date":"2022-02-03T09:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T00:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/watv.org\/bible_word\/honey-bee\/"},"modified":"2022-10-06T17:16:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T08:16:24","slug":"honey-bee","status":"publish","type":"bible_word","link":"https:\/\/watv.org\/vi\/bible_word\/honey-bee\/","title":{"rendered":"Ong m\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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“N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ong tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.”<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein. Ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt. Lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00f2i n\u00ean b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n n\u00f3. Sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Ong m\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ed5 ong h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c. N\u00f3i chung, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n ong bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t con ong ch\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn con ong kh\u00e1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 ong th\u1ee3 l\u00e0 ong c\u00e1i. Ong th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng; ch\u00fang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n hoa, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5, nu\u00f4i \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Drone v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cho ong ch\u00faa giao ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong t\u1ed5 ong, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ong th\u1ee3 \u0111u\u1ed5i ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t con ong ch\u00faa c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 tinh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ong th\u1ee3 c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ong ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n s\u1eefa ong ch\u00faa1<\/sup> trong su\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

1. S\u1eefa ong ch\u00faa: ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ong th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng s\u1eafp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ong ch\u00faa. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t con ong ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebb t\u1edbi 2000 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Khi ong ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ee9ng, ong th\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t con ong ch\u00faa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi ong ch\u00faa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, ong ch\u00faa c\u0169 s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n ong th\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ong ch\u00faa c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111i theo n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1edbi; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea7y ong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia ra.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ong m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eadt. M\u1eadt ong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt m\u00e0 ong m\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp m\u1eadt t\u1eeb hoa. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u glucose, fructose v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, m\u1eadt ong r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao. \u0110\u00e0n ong c\u00f3 ong ch\u00faa sinh s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201313 kg (22\u201328 lb) m\u1eadt ong.<\/p>\n

S\u1eefa ong ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c. Propolis2<\/sup> (keo ong) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ong \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ebd s\u01b0ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u1ee9a. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ecdc ong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp. \u1ede H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ecdc ong m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2. Keo ong: m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0 ong m\u1eadt thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb ch\u1ed3i c\u00e2y, nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, C\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra 36 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u2014 10 lo\u1ea1i Lactobacillales v\u00e0 24 lo\u1ea1i Proteobacteria trong ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ong. Pyrosequencing l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nucleotide trong DNA. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng3<\/sup>. Bifidobacterium l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ong m\u1eadt, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh vitamin. Lactococcus lactis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eefa l\u00ean men v\u00e0 pho m\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ong nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i ong m\u1eadt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh cho ong m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng (trong sinh h\u1ecdc): qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e1n t\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ong m\u1eadt l\u00e0m ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n. Th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho c\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 tinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb hoa \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ee5y hoa. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u sinh tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau: \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc (khi ph\u1ea5n hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc), \u01b0a m\u00f9i (do chim), \u01b0a kh\u00f4 (do gi\u00f3) v\u00e0 \u01b0a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (do c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng). 40% th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 hoa entomophilous, v\u00e0 80% trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi ong. \u0110\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch 1 kg (2,2 lb) m\u1eadt ong, ong m\u1eadt t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 5,6 tri\u1ec7u b\u00f4ng hoa. Qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang bay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c bay v\u00f2ng quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong khi nh\u1eefng con ong ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y bay t\u1eeb hoa n\u00e0y sang hoa kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i sinh hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ong m\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi ong s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 th\u01a1m ngon h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u t\u00e2y, c\u00e0 chua bi, \u1edbt chu\u00f4ng, v.v., th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ong m\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ong v\u00f2 v\u1ebd t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ong m\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ong th\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang theo nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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Ong m\u1eadt \u2013 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u1ee3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t – th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf Florida, Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1eefng con ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007; 25% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ong gi\u1eef nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 30% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ong t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 30%. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u1edf \u00dac, Brazil, Canada, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u Phi. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n ong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n (CCD)4<\/sup>. \u1ede H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, kho\u1ea3ng 76.7% ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft b\u1edfi vi r\u00fat t\u00fai (sacbrood Virus)5<\/sup> trong n\u0103m 2010, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa virus n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. V\u00ec t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n theo t\u1eebng n\u0103m, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1eadt ong t\u1eeb ong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

4. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 B\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n (CCD): l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ong th\u1ee3 trong t\u1ed5 ong ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0n ong m\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y<\/p>\n

5. Vi r\u00fat Sacbrood: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m sang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ong m\u1eadt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nh\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb ong th\u1ee3 n\u00e9m ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ong th\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 tr\u1ed1ng sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

V\u00ec CCD g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc, vi sinh, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, virus g\u00e2y t\u00ea li\u1ec7t ong c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Israel (IAPV), v.v. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ong m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Montana nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng vi r\u00fat \u00e1nh kim c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nosema ceranae g\u00e2y ra CCD. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u00e2y ra CCD l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch M\u00f9a thu kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i: S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ong m\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, Rowan Jacobsen c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i ong m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y x\u00f3t xa cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ong m\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t? D\u00f9 l\u00fd do l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u1ee3 si\u00eang n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNEP) c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ong m\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoa m\u00e0u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ong m\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi l\u00fd do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i khi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda do nh\u1eefng boomerang g\u00e2y s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\n
Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/dt>\n
Rowan Jacobsen, Fruitless Fall: The Collapse of the Honey Bee and the Coming Agricultural Crisis<\/em> (M\u00f9a thu kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i: S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ong m\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eafp t\u1edbi), Bloomsbury USA, 2009<\/dd>\n
UNEP Emerging Issues: Global Honey Bee Colony Disorder and Other Threats to Insect Pollinators<\/em> (C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a UNEP: R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n ong m\u1eadt to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng), 2010<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"“N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ong tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein. Ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt. Lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3…","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":28234,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[227,168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50573","bible_word","type-bible_word","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bible-science-vi","category-bible-word-vi"],"yoast_head":"\nOng m\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i - Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/watv.org\/vi\/bible_word\/honey-bee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ong m\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i - Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ong tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein. Ong m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt. 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